At no other time in socialist history did armed struggle, sports, and sobriety become as intertwined in a proletarian attempt to protect socialist achievements as they did in Austria in the early 1930s. With the Fascist threat increasing, the physical aspects of the cultural revolution became ever more central as they were considered mandatory for effective defense. Numerous workers’ institutions and organizations were founded, from education centers to theaters to hiking associations. Their showpiece, the legendary “Red Vienna,” has worked as a model for socialist urban planning ever since.Īt the heart of the Austromarxist experiment was the conviction that a socialist revolution had to entail a cultural one. Trying to carve out a road between reformism and Bolshevism, the Austromarxists embarked on an ambitious journey towards a socialist oasis in the midst of capitalism. The Austromarxist era of the 1920s was a unique chapter in socialist history.
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